- Your Ad Here Elko County is located in the western U.S. state of Nevada. As of July 1, 2016, the population of Elko County was estimated at 52,168. Its county seat is Elko. History Elko County was in 1869. Several explanations for the derivation of its name have been offered. One explanation is that Elko is an Indian word meaning either "white woman" or "beautiful". Another explanation credits railroad owner Charles Crocker with the naming of a railroad station after elk roaming in the area, and adding an "o" to form "Elko". |